The first man-made fibres were intended to replace silk in apparel, and the yarns were marketed as art-silk (artificial silk).
The artificial silk spinning machine designed and built by Count Hilaire de Chardonnet c. 1889 for spinning cellulose nitrate (dissolved in an alcohol/ether mixture) into hot air to make fine yarns.
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Y2g14rMFQ7Q-kPDsCGPKLqwhiqizWkgCsY5x6Wv_26YVLYraD5wrBhux5aVpSUYp3TWG58qsrlReetNOBr7BzCbCINinv5m7NledCblm8csMmDm1yX1ZyrzgPM4tXOphsR_FE-Pped75/s320/Fig+1-12.jpg)
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjDTz2kBnQFefLcBbFJp4CDGrRgZxTmxnP5dKXtKekMRUkdQgbA5rbg1r6ZH_oGkzQ7rNWU31JTAAmpbV7INeVXK_30VIAZZNwSlKdrv1Jz4AenqTI5azpNRHcPV-pK_6JhxQLgJVhHq_M/s320/fig+1-13.jpg)
Cakes of acid yarn had to be wound into skeins for washing in 1930
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7YZzCzqnWA-VKhqC0XdjldPtibzBLqLIMWaKWasdhnUqlwml5c6z5kZALfhHI31V-UzJGK5urDz5tijbXcfOVmmvxI1kjvKH3GI5vneBw98DiBq4x6_qtGOEmNQKdrpyg-8WRdRAAP7oG/s320/fig+9-7.jpg)
By 1950, the continuous spinning and washing system was used. This system was for producing tyre-yarn at Carrickfergus.
Further Reading: "Regenerated Cellulose Fibres edited by Calvin Woodings, Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge, England
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